Bicycle pedals come in various types, including flat pedals for casual riding or mountain biking, offering a large surface area for stability;
clipless pedals, which connect to a cleat on the bottom of a rider’s shoe for efficient power transfer, commonly used in road cycling and racing;
and toe-clip pedals, which feature a cage for the foot, blending the benefits of flat and clipless.

Materials used in pedals include plastic for affordability, aluminum for a balance of weight and durability, and carbon fiber / Titanium for high-performance pedals due to its lightweight and stiffness.